【计算机图形学基础】10动画
四种最普遍的动画形式:
- Keyframing 关键帧
- Procedural animation 程序动画
- Physics-based 基于物理的
- Motion capture 动作捕捉
动画的原则
Timing
动画的速度,任何动画的核心。同一个动作,不同的速度可以表现出不同的意思。
动作的布局
一个好的动画规划可以很好地引起人的注意。安静的景色中突现动作,或者反过来热闹的环境中的静物,都能成功引起观众的注意。
每个动作可以分为三部分:前摇(anticipation)或者说蓄力,动作自身,后摇。
如果动作本身很短(比如足球射门),那么它的前摇就很重要。
后摇一般发生在模型本身比较宽松的关节上,可以用来表现惯性,显得动作更有力。
关键帧
在某个关键的时间点改变节点的状态(位置,颜色,形变等),其他时间的帧的节点状态由关键帧按照插值算法算出。
一个关键帧由两个因素组成:时间$t_k$和状态$f_k$。一旦关键帧$(t_k, f_k)$设置完毕,系统就要补全其他帧的状态$f$。
在关键帧被决定完之后,影响中间帧的另一个因素就是速度变化曲线了。现在对速度变化曲线的控制采用TCB控制法,其中有三个因素:tension, continuity, bias,中文是张力、连续性、偏移。这三个因素将会影响曲线的形状。
来自:3DS
Tension
Controls the amount of curvature(曲率) in the animation curve.
High Tension produces a linear curve. It also has a slight Ease To and Ease From effect.
高张力代表着曲线是一条直线。有个非常微小的缓入缓出。Low Tension produces a very wide, rounded, curve. It also has a slight negative Ease To and Ease From effect.
低张力代表着曲线会比较圆。The default value of 25 produces an even amount of curvature through the key.
Continuity 连续性
Controls the tangential property of the curve at the key. The default setting is the only value that produces a smooth animation curve through the key. All other values produce a discontinuity in the animation curve causing an abrupt change in the animation. Default=25.
除了默认值以外产生的曲线都不是连续的(由两条曲线组成)
High Continuity values create curved overshoot(打过头) on both sides of the key.
Low Continuity values create a linear animation curve. Low continuity creates a linear curve similar to high tension except without the Ease To and Ease From side effect.
线性的,但是没有缓入缓出效果。
The default setting creates a smooth continuous curve at the key.
Bias 偏移
Controls where the animation curve occurs with respect to the key. Default=25.
High Bias pushes the curve beyond the key. This produces a linear curve coming into the key and an exaggerated curve leaving the key.
Low Bias pulls the curve before the key. This produces an exaggerated curve coming into the key and a linear curve leaving the key.
The default setting distributes the curve evenly to both sides of the key.
动作控制
当设定几个关键帧之后,想要